How to make a roof with your own hands? Building the roof of a private house: types of structures, installation steps and common mistakes How to make a roof on a house.

The first thing a person sees when approaching a building is the roof. This part at home plays a major role in overall design interior and is designed to protect the entire building and its residents from negative weather factors (wind, precipitation), from daily and seasonal temperature differences, from thermal and cosmic radiation, from harmful substances and noise deposited on the roof surface from the atmosphere (emissions from enterprises, exhaust gases).

A properly designed roof is fire resistant, resistant to condensation and effectively resists any load. For this, it is very important to choose the roofing material and the shape of the roof.

The most successful are semi-hip and hip roofs with four slopes. And the roofing materials include soft tiles, slate, euroslate or ondulin. Before starting the process of installing the roof, you should install the crate under the corrugated board, following the instructions for all the steps, including attaching the rafters to the mauerlat and installing a chimney to remove combustion products.

The optimum roof is perfectly ventilated, it is well protected from noise, high temperatures and water, durable, resistant to mechanical damage, has an attractive appearance.

The roof of the house with their own hands. Video

Today in construction there are several options for roofing:

1. Shed.

Among its advantages are the possibility of saving on material and scaffolding, efficiency and ease of construction, low weight.

Disadvantages: the small size of the attic or its absence, not the most presentable appearance.

1. Gable - more popular than single-sided.

Its obvious advantages are relatively low weight (in comparison, for example, with a four-hinged one), a fairly large attic room, the possibility of arranging an attic under the roof, as well as an aesthetic, harmonious appearance. This type of roof is heated on both sides.

This roof does not have any particularly prominent shortcomings. However, in comparison with a lean-to, it is less economical in terms of consumables and heavier. A gable roof requires a ridge and gutters to drain melt and rainwater.

1. Quadruple roof.

This type of roof is not particularly popular, since its construction is a complicated matter. It is practically impossible to independently perform such a roof correctly without special skills. positive qualities This type of roof is considered to be aesthetically attractive and spacious attic space.

The inherent possibility of four-sided heating significantly insulates the attic. Among the main disadvantages of this type, the most prominent are the large weight and, as mentioned above, the complexity of the installation work.

1. The roof is combined.

The most ideal choice for multi-level buildings or structures made in an unconventional rectangular shape. Such a roof looks original and harmoniously fits into almost any area.

The combined type is much easier to build, since it can be built not entirely, but in separate sections. Initially, one slope of the terrace is covered, which is located on the second floor, then a gable roof is erected over the bedrooms.

In addition, there is a Sudeikin roof, a hipped roof, which is four identical slopes, having the shape of isosceles triangles, and others.

With all the variety of types of roofs, their construction is based on several main principles. Having caught their essence, you can even build the most complex roofing options on your own.

The construction of the roof of the house with your own hands is divided into several stages:

1. Do-it-yourself Mauerlat fastening.

This is nothing more than a foundation on which the bulk of the load is placed. The whole roof is built on it. Beams with a section of 15x15 cm are used. They are mounted parallel to the ridge. To increase the strength and stability of the roof in relation to adverse weather conditions, the Mauerlat beams are securely fastened, and this must be done even when laying the walls of the building. For this purpose, a strong thick rope is mounted between bricks or masonry blocks at a distance of one meter. It is called a katanka.

The middle part of the wire should be reinforced in the brickwork, and the ends should be stripped free. Their length must be suitable for fastening the next timber. In the event that plastering is planned, then the outer end of the rope must be mounted in the solution. The Mauerlat should retreat from the edge of the wall by at least 10 cm, taking into account the laying of the roofing layer, since this will help protect the beams from destruction (rotting) processes.

1. Do-it-yourself frame installation.

To ensure a sufficient level of strength of the roof, you need to take care of the frame. Under the frame is meant the attached rafters to the Mauerlat. It must be borne in mind that if the length of the beams exceeds 4.5 cm, then you will need to additionally mount the runs. Most optimal size beams are considered to be a section of 7x15 cm.

The rafters are attached to the Mauerlat using a special cutout, which is fixed with nails of 20 cm. They are hammered in the following way:

• the first is hammered strictly diagonally through the rafters;
• the second is similar, but on the reverse side;
• the third is nailed perpendicularly from above.

Thanks to this technology, the rafter is firmly attached and becomes motionless. The upper part of the beams, which overlaps, are attracted to each other so that the edge of one of them overlaps the end of the parallel one. They are mounted using bolts and nails.

1. Strengthening the roof with your own hands.

In order to reduce the effect of the expansion force on the Mauerlat and increase the strength and stability of the roof, the rafter legs should be mounted to each other using beams with a section of 5x15 cm. They are called a “crossbar”. Its size and the distance between the beams of the rafters to be connected are fully consistent with each other. Fastening is carried out with nails.

In addition, you need to take care of attaching this element to each filly's rafter leg. This is a board with a section of 50x100 cm. It is fastened with screws and metal brackets to one leg of the rafter. The length is calculated very simply - 50 cm should be added to the length of the overhang. To skip any difficulties, you need to take care of harvesting the filly in advance. A cutout is made on a board 15 cm wide. With its help, fastening to the Mauerlat is carried out.

Also, do not forget that the rafters and boards converge exactly. All such work is best completed by the start of construction. truss system, as this greatly facilitates the assembly process of the structure. Additionally, the value of the angle of inclination of the future roof is selected. A competent choice implies taking into account the specifics of the area. For example, in the presence of regular precipitation and a rather cold type of climate, the most suitable angle of inclination is considered to be from 40 o to 45 o.

Snow does not accumulate on such a roof, which makes it possible to avoid an increase in the pressure on the ceiling. The distance between the rafter legs must be at least one meter. In dry and hot climates minimum angle slope can be 3 o.

In those areas where strong winds are present, the optimal angle value is 20 o. For an accurate calculation, you must use professional building rules. Specialists measure this value using an inclinometer. By the beginning of the measurements, a suitable angle should be calculated. Therefore, the formula is applied: the value of the angle of inclination is directly proportional to the height of the ridge, which is divided by the figure formed by dividing the length of the roof by 2.

1. Do-it-yourself roof lathing (video).

For roofing, it is necessary to perform a crate. If your choice fell on tiles, the crate must be solid.

To get started, you need complete wooden planks with a thickness of approximately 25 cm. Special attention should be checked for cracks or chips. Their length indicator should be equal to two spans of rafters, that is, two meters. The joints will be located purely on supports with a distance of 5 mm. The boards used to form the ridge must be placed at the closest possible distance. Fastening is carried out with nails (20 cm).

The type of roof will depend on the choice of the batten option. If the creation of soft roll roofing, then the flooring should be continuous (whole). If the roof is metal or made of slate - discharged crate. If necessary, the flooring can be double, but in this case the first layer is laid in the standard order, and the second - along the slope, that is, perpendicularly.

1. Ventilation.

Naturally, one crate is not enough to cover the roof. It is also necessary to think about maintaining its integrity during operation. In order for the tiles to be ventilated, gaps should be left in the crate, 2 or 3 ventilation channels on each side. They should start at the bottom of the overhang and end above (if possible). The width is about five centimeters. At the top, an outlet for the hood is mounted, which makes it possible to remove air.

1. Do-it-yourself installation of the lining layer and droppers.

To increase the protection of the roofing from the effects of condensate on the crate, you will need to lay a lining layer. Its installation is carried out purely along the edges, where there is a high probability of water seepage (near pipes, to the ridge, to internal valleys). The width of the lining should be about 40 cm. The carpet is nailed with nails or screws at a distance of about 25-30 cm.

If necessary, another layer is laid, which is located on top of the already attached one. It is also obligatory to glue the overlaps. To do this, use bituminous glue.

Before overlapping, there is one more stage - the installation of droppers. These are metal plates that protect the cornice from moisture penetration. Planks are nailed with nails at a distance of 10 cm, overlap - 5 cm. In the same way, droppers are attached to the ridge.

A flexible tile is attached to the plates, helping to improve not only the functions of the dripper, but also the appearance. Since the plates are self-adhesive, the protective layer is removed from them and only then they are attached to the eaves. Sometimes, to increase the reliability of installation, fastening can be done with nails.

1. Do-it-yourself roof installation.

Choice roofing material directly depends on the type of roof. Each of options implies its own terms and conditions of installation.

There are the following roof options:

• Bituminous flexible tile. To evenly distribute the tiles and facilitate overlapping, the installation process must begin from the middle of the eaves. First, the protective film is removed from the shingle, and then gluing is performed. It is desirable to nail it along the edges. The best option is galvanized nails with wide hats. The protrusions close the joints of the shingle. If the project assumes the presence of pipes, then special passage elements are attached along the perimeter of the shingle cutout. In place of the ridge, the tiles are overlapped. If the pipe is brick, which heats up during active operation, a triangular beam is placed on the corner of the roof and pipe. The lining carpet is laid at a distance of about 20 cm from the pipe. In turn, a special connector is mounted on the pipe. All cracks are sealed with sealant.

• Metal tile. Under this material it is necessary to lay a discharged crate. The calculation of the amount of material is carried out by adding the indicators of the cornice overhang, the vertical overlap of the sheets and the length of the slope from the eaves to the ridge. The first sheet is laid down and aligned along the cornice and end, the second must be placed on top, and the third on the sides. Directly above the second sheet will be placed the fourth. The entire resulting structure is leveled and attached to the crate using self-tapping screws. The assembly of the entire roof is carried out in the same way. Planks and outside corners the ridge should be mounted with an overlap and fastened using the same self-tapping screws. The plugs will close the ridge from the ends. In addition, it is recommended to install snow guards, which are installed directly on the roof covering parallel to the eaves. There are several options: plank, tubular and mesh. The covering of a metal tile begins from below upwards, from left to right. It is preliminarily laid out in piles of about 5 pieces, which are placed on the slopes. This approach makes it possible to distribute the load on the rafters evenly. The tiles are attached to the rafters using galvanized screws.

Do-it-yourself filing of the roof cornice. Video

This work is being done at the final stage. By that time, it is necessary to insulate the walls of the building, since the filing box will fit snugly. Otherwise, you will have to leave the wall uninsulated or break the filing. As a rule, the filing is made of wood, which makes it possible not to carry out additional ventilation.

By itself, it represents a kind of box, which is attached to the continuation of the filly and rafters. Its frame consists of two boards, where one goes straight towards the wall from the end of the overhang. The connection takes place at a right angle using screws or self-tapping screws.

Metal plates are also used. Small gaps must be left between the boards. The cut of the corners of the box is carried out at a certain slope, and fasteners - with the help of self-tapping screws and metal brackets. After that, upholstery with boards is carried out along the entire length of the lower part of the frame. Thus, they are protected from the impact environment. In addition, you need to pay attention to the location of the joints. They should not coincide with adjacent beams. The corners are sawn to 45 o.

Insulation of the roof of the house with their own hands. Video

This process is no less important than any other. There are several options for insulation:

• from inside the crate;

• on top of the crate.

If the owner does not plan to use the attic space as a living area, then it is possible to carry out internal insulation. Thus, the free space formed between the rafters is hidden.

First, the roof should be covered with a waterproofing film around the entire perimeter. Since the rafters are on top of the crate, the film is not stretched with a canvas. It is necessary to ensure that the waterproofing covers all the details of the structure. In the corners between the rafters and the crate, they are nailed over the film wooden slats, after which mineral wool is stuffed to the crate in the area between the rafters. This insulation must be laid end to end with each other.

Next is the turn of laying the vapor barrier layer. The lower edge of this film is attached to the rafters. The joints of both films are superimposed on each other and fastened with a special construction adhesive tape. In the event that the attic space will be used as a living space, then it is necessary to take care of a higher rate of roof insulation. Therefore, insulation and film must be laid on top of the crate and roof structures.

It is necessary to avoid the use of polyurethane foam boards, since this material cannot be tightly joined.

The most acceptable material in terms of insulation is mineral wool, however, the use of a waterproofing film is mandatory. The principle of work on insulation corresponds to the above.

Thus, building the roof of a house with your own hands involves complex and phased work, so this process should be approached as responsibly as possible. If you are not sure that you can perform all the above procedures on your own, contact the professionals.

The modern construction of houses draws a huge amount of money from their owners, and it is not so easy to hire really skilled workers, you can always get on a brigade of "Uzbeks" who will do everything wrong. A do-it-yourself roof of a house is a way out for those who do not forget that we are men and must solve such issues on their own (no one has canceled building a house, planting a tree and giving birth to a son), or, in extreme cases, in the company of best friends who are ready can I help you. Let's figure out how to build the roof of a house with your own hands, and do everything no worse than professional builders.

Roof types.

The first step in making the roof of a house with your own hands is choosing its type. And this is an important step, because the amount of work that will need to be done for its installation depends on the complexity of the roof structure.

Roof types:

• Shed - a simple, primitive design, more suitable for household buildings and garages;
• Gable - the most popular roof for classic private houses;
• Four-pitched (hip) - another classic, but more complex than a gable roof solution for a house;
• broken roof - interesting design, which looks original from the outside, but requires serious skills and professionalism during its installation;
• Combined - a roof containing several types of structures at once.

We discard the shed roof immediately, as an option for a private house - it is not very attractive in appearance, and has serious drawbacks during operation. The only plus of this type of roof is the small amount of time it takes to complete its installation.

The gable roof will ideal option for self-construction, and a hipped roof requires more training and skills, but this design is also available for non-professionals. The combined type is more suitable for the attic, where a combination of several types of roofs is needed.

Calculation.

A start has been made, and we will focus on the most common option, a gable type of roof for a private house. The next step will be the calculation of the structure, and here we will take the classic sample as a basis (for each house, calculations must be carried out individually).

So, the classic parameters for a gable roof:

• Struts - 100x150 or 50x150 mm, taking into account the convenience of connecting with rafters;
• Mauerlat - 150x150 mm;
• Runs - 200x200 mm;
• Racks - 100x150 or 150x150 mm, depending on the section of the rafters;
• Puffs - 50x150 mm on both sides;
• Overlays from 32 to 50 mm thick.

Calculations are required for sloping legs and rafter work - for them it is required to choose the width and height of the section. Parameters affecting calculations:

• span;
• Rafter pitch (calculated taking into account the convenience of laying the insulation (about 58 cm for mineral wool));
• roofing material;
• Snow region.

An accurate calculation is conveniently done using special calculators on the Internet. In the case of working with standard parameters, it is better to do everything with a small margin.

In the case of laying a layer of insulation, its size must be taken into account when calculating the height of the legs, where it should not protrude beyond bearing beams. Plus, it is necessary to take into account the ventilation layer of 2-3 cm. In case of insufficient height of the rafters, you can solve the problem by installing a counter-rail.

Work order.

Do-it-yourself step-by-step production of the roof of a house usually follows the standard scheme:

1. Measurements of the building frame (may differ from the design dimensions indicated by us);
2. Preparation of materials and tools. Wood processing with special solutions;
3. Mauerlat installation;
4. Installation of a ridge crossbar (only in case of design necessity);
5. Installation of the roof frame;
6. We put racks, puffs and struts, thus strengthening the roof;
7. Waterproofing;
8. crate;
9. Correct calculation of ventilation;
10. Installation of droppers;
11. Covering installation (roofing).

Mauerlat installation.

High-quality installation of the Mauerlat is the key to the reliability and durability of the future roof. At wooden roof, an additional Mauerlat is not required, since the upper part of the walls will play its role. Fasteners in this case are carried out by cutting the upper wall trim (attached to the racks of the wall frame using metal corners), and then attaching the roof to it.

When installing brick (concrete or concrete blocks) roofs, it is necessary to erect a Mauerlat of a carefully calculated size. All calculations are carried out according to the expected loads on the supporting structures. Mauerlat is attached to the wall with four possible methods: using studs, wire, anchor bolts or staples.

The most reliable and durable fastening will be the use of anchor bolts, which must be laid in a concrete belt along the edge of the wall. In the case of mounting the Mauerlat with brackets, they are installed using special wooden bars laid directly into the masonry. Studs and wire are considered not particularly reliable methods of mounting and fastening the Mauerlat, and with modern capabilities and construction technologies, they are rarely used.

Installation of rafters (fastening to the Mauerlat).

If this wooden frame roofs with wooden rafters, then they need to be mounted using special sliding elements that will allow the roof of the house to slightly deform over the years without violating the integrity of the structure.

But in houses made of bricks, rigid fastening of the rafters should be made. The scheme used can be either hanging or layered. The design itself can be done in two ways:

• Without tie-in;
• With inset.

With a notch, the rafters must be pre-cut at the required slope angle. The removal of the roof is done with the help of fillies, the overlap of which is at least one meter. Fixation rigidity is provided with staples, nails or self-tapping screws. It is even better to use special metal corners for fixing the rafters, which are attached to the Mauerlat with self-tapping screws.

Without cutting, the rafters are mounted without the use of fillies, and the overlap is achieved by the beams themselves. This type of installation is simpler than the mortise version, and is ideal for do-it-yourself roof installation. Installation and rigid fixation of the rafters is achieved by the metal corners mentioned above.

Fixing rafters on the wall.

A prerequisite for a reliable roof is to secure its frame to the box of the building, which will prevent the roof from falling off due to wind. The most common and reliable method of fastening is fastening using a twist of two wires. They wrap around the leg, in the place where it rests on the Mauerlat. After that, the wire is attached directly to the wall using a ruff or anchor (preferred option).

In the case of a wooden house, installation and fastening is easy to do with the help of special brackets, which are quite capable of withstanding heavy loads.

Strengthening the roof system.

A reliable way to make a reliable roof frame is to reduce the span between the rafters. In order to do this, it is necessary to install struts and racks. The process is carried out only after a careful drawing up of a plan for their installation, so that they do not interfere with people and look harmonious in the overall interior.

The location of the struts, in a standard roof, is done at an angle of 60 or 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal plane. They are installed on sprengels and beams that are thrown between the walls.

The tightening is performed in order to prevent the divergence of the beams, which is important in the design with hanging beams. Puffs are attached to the sides of the rafters in the amount of two pieces. Installation of puffs is carried out using self-tapping screws or nails.

Crate.

This stage of the construction of the roof of the house with your own hands is the installation of waterproofing material. In this role, a moisture and windproof vapor diffuser membrane can be used, which is much more reliable than a classic film.

After that, the crate is already attached directly, the thickness of which depends on the selected roofing material. For bitumen tiles, a solid crate made of boards 25-32 mm thick is suitable, for metal roofing- sparse placement of boards with a thickness of 32 to 40 mm.

Roof ventilation.

Ventilation is designed to prevent fungal processes, the appearance of pelesin and the destruction of the roof structure. Ventilation is considered in the process of drawing up a plan for the roof structure.

Ventilation Factors:

• Air movement under the roof (the gap between the roofing material and the insulation should be 2-3 cm);
• Air outlet in the ridge area (special point aerators are installed);
• Air intake through the eaves (the eaves are filed using perforated spotlights or a sparse board).

Roofing and insulation.

The choice of material for the roof is an exclusively personal decision of everyone, and is made from personal preferences or economic considerations. The most modern materials are ondulin and shingles. When choosing shingles, the angle of inclination of the roof should not exceed 45 degrees.

The final stage of building a roof for a house with your own hands is the installation of insulation. The most common material is classical mineral wool laid between the rafters. The calculation of the density of insulation is made taking into account the climatic features in which the private house is located.

We hope our tips will help you build a roof for your house with your own hands.

Arrangement of the roof is one of the final stages of the construction of any building. Roof installation is a responsible task, the quality of which determines the characteristics of the future home, including the safety of its inhabitants. Therefore, this stage requires close attention. But this does not mean that in order to build a roof, you will have to call professionals. With the right approach, everything necessary work can be done on your own. And our article will tell you in detail how to make a roof with your own hands, drawings and photos will help you understand the nuances of the arrangement process and achieve an excellent result without any extra investment.

To the arrangement of the roof proceed after all other basic work is completed. That is, your future home already has a solid foundation and strong walls. We can say that the roof is the most expensive element of the structure, as well as requiring painstaking work. In order to perform a quality roofing installation, it is necessary, according to at least, to know what types of it are used today and what are their features.

A building without a roof is not a building. Because the presence of a roof provides protection from cold and precipitation, retains heat, makes the building beautiful and livable. Just as a house cannot stand without one wall or without a foundation, so it cannot become a full-fledged dwelling without a good, reliable roof. Therefore, independent construction should be a thoughtful and balanced step so that it does not turn into a waste of time and effort. Think about what is needed to achieve your goal, analyze all the stages and draw up a detailed optimal action plan.

The first thing to determine when planning the construction of a roof is its type. In this case, you can, of course, rely solely on your own aesthetic preferences. But this option is hardly the best choice. When determining the appropriate type of roof, it is necessary to focus on the features of the future building, its purpose, dimensions and other characteristics. It is necessary to correlate them with the characteristics various kinds roofs, and then optimal choice will become obvious.

At the very least, you will choose the two options that best suit your building conditions, and then you can use your aesthetic preferences. So, today buildings are supplied with the following types of roofing:

• flat- the most common type used for multi-storey residential buildings;
• lean-to- a simple and practical option for buildings for household purposes or non-residential premises. Often barns and garages are supplied with such roofs;
• gable- a popular and common roof. Most often, she crowns residential village houses, bathhouses. Structurally, it consists of two inclined planes connected at the top point to each other;
• four-sided, or hip- practical and original version. Differs in complexity in implementation in comparison with the above;
• attic- a distinctive feature of such a roof is that it is equipped under a residential attic. Shape and appearance may vary. It is rather difficult to make such an option. This requires elaborate drawings;
• broken line- most often this type of roof is found in the following constructive version: a gable roof with breaks on both sides, starting in the center of each side of the roof. However, a broken roof can also be performed in other versions, including in the attic.

When deciding on the type of roof for your home, pay attention to what is chosen when building modern houses. Analyze own needs. Do you need loft space? If there is a need for it, then it makes sense to deal with a more complex type of roof in execution - an attic broken line. If not, then you can always turn to the "classic" gable design.

The complexity of working with a roof is largely determined not only by the type of roof chosen, but also by how large an area it should be. For large houses, it is difficult to build a roof, for small ones it is easier. The layout also matters. The complexity of the roof structure is determined to a greater extent only by the complexity of manufacturing the rafter system.

Once you have decided on the type of construction, it's time to choose your preferred materials. The type of material also influences the rafter system for your roof. After all, any material has a weight that exerts pressure. Therefore, rafters often require additional reinforcement. It is equally important to determine how the roofing material will be attached to the boards and other important points.

A well-executed and reliable drawing is the key to a successful solution to the problem of roofing. It is the basis of all work. Some elements of the roof deserve to be singled out for a separate scheme, especially for those nodes that are responsible for connecting the reinforcing parts and the rafter system.

Most heavy material for the roof - this is a ceramic tile. Of course, it is beautiful and environmentally friendly, but it requires special preparation of the building for an additional serious load. This applies not only to the rafter system, but also to the walls and foundation. Look at a few drawings that may be useful to you in the process of doing your own roofing work.

best material for rafters - this is coniferous wood, with a moisture content of 20%. It should not have any knots or blue.

To solve the issue of arranging a roof, you must have:

• waterproofing material;
• vapor barrier material;
• waterproofing film;
• thermal insulation material;
• fasteners;
• tools.

The first stage of creating a truss system is the installation of reinforced concrete strapping over the walls. This is a mandatory step for any houses, except for log houses. Strapping is necessary to strengthen the walls and align them horizontally, creating a smooth surface.

Reinforced studs necessary for fastening the Mauerlat must be inserted into the strapping frame. Their height should be sufficient to protrude 3 cm above the Mauerlat. The Mauerlat itself is made from a bar of 20x20 mm or 150x150 mm, the purpose of which is to serve as the basis for the rafters.

Do not forget to pay enough attention to such an aspect as high-quality and reliable waterproofing. Appropriate material is placed on the strapping. As such, you can use roofing material. It is affordable and does an excellent job of protecting against moisture penetration. A Mauerlat is placed on top of it and fixed to the studs with galvanized nuts. Constantly monitor the degree of evenness of the Mauerlat laying with the help of a serviceable level.

When using wooden elements in your work, take care to ensure their durability. To do this, treat them with antiseptic compounds.

At the next stage, the so-called rafter legs are installed. The material here will be a beam of 150x150 mm. Spacers, struts, ties are created from boards of suitable sizes. The type of rafters can be hanging or inclined. It is determined by the design of the roof itself.

After installing the external rafters, you need to attach the crate. She's just nailed to the rafters. The material for it are boards 2 cm thick. Do not forget about the features of the type of roof you have chosen, because it is he who determines the design of the crate - it will be solid or with gaps.

But before the crate, you need to solve one more important task- isolate the rafters from moisture. If you plan to use the attic for a living room, then additional insulation is required. Thermal insulation is laid between the rafters. Use foam or mineral wool. If you skip this important step, then later you will have to perform the same manipulations under the already assembled roof, which is rather inconvenient. Therefore, take care of this in advance.

For the living room, the insulation is placed in a double layer, each of which is at least 50 mm. The material you choose must simultaneously retain heat and perform a soundproof function. It is recommended to put vapor barrier materials on the insulation. Otherwise, there is a risk of condensation on the insulation. If you are building a roof yourself, then it makes sense to follow in detail professional advice and instructions, so that the design turned out to be of the highest quality.

The finishing line in the creation of the roof is the laying of the roofing material. Most often used slate. It is inexpensive, time-tested, durable. But today it makes sense to pay attention to more modern materials: tiles, ondulin, etc. In this regard, it is difficult to advise anything, since the properties and features of all materials are different, as well as their cost. Therefore, choose according to your own taste and according to your capabilities.

Building a roof with your own hands is quite difficult, but a real task that can be completed by adhering to basic technologies and recommendations. This article will help you get the necessary information about the features and options for building a roof. Construction requires serious preparation. First of all, you need to create a project of the necessary design and carry out the necessary calculations.

Roof design

This is one of the most important and difficult stages, which requires accuracy and care in the calculations. First of all, you need to choose the most optimal roof design. After that, it is necessary to calculate the amount of materials for the truss system. Its configuration directly depends on the chosen blood type. In most cases, the owners give their preference to one- and two-pitched roofs. Of course, you can create more complex structures with straight or broken slopes.

To accurately calculate the power of the rafter system and the step between the rafter legs, the following loads must be taken into account, which are summed up:

1. The total weight of the roof frame.
2. The weight of all the constituent elements of the roofing pie.
3. Maximum snow loads are taken into account.
4. Sail structure and wind load.
5. It will not be superfluous to take into account the weight of people who will carry out maintenance or repair of the roof.
6. For maximum reliability of the design, it is worth considering the impact of cataclysms, such as a hurricane or a large number of precipitation.

Wind and snow load directly depends on the climatic conditions of the region where the building is located. In addition, the angle of the selected slope will affect the possibility of self-descent of snow from the roof.

When calculating the amount of material for the roof, it is necessary to take into account the dimensions of the finishing roofing materials, since they must overlap. Also, when calculating the pitch of the rafters, it is worth considering the geometric dimensions of the insulation, which will further reduce the amount of waste of heat-insulating material.

The width of a sheet of hard roofing material must correspond to the pitch of the rafters, and the width of the basalt or glass wool insulation is calculated with a margin of 10 millimeters. All this will allow you to mount rolls or soft insulation boards without gaps.

To help everyone who wants to build a roof with their own hands, there will be special tables and reference books. Also today on the Internet you can find an online calculator for calculating the design and parameters for any roof. If you have planned to create a complex roof, you will need the help of a professional architect.

At the preparatory stage, you can carry out a general calculation of the cost of the entire roof. To do this, you need to draw up an estimate, which will display all the stages of construction, the number necessary materials and their cost for this moment time. In order to think over and allocate the budget as rationally as possible, you can use the help of a professional estimator, who will not only quickly calculate everything, but also point out the moments where you can save. In any case, it is worth adding 10% to the received price for the delivery of materials and the purchase of fasteners.

To date, there are several types of roofs that you can build with your own hands:

1. Single roof.

The main advantage of this option is a great opportunity to save on material. In addition, these structures are lightweight, which reduces the pressure on the building. It should also be noted that the installation of a roof with one slope is quite simple and takes a little time.

As for the shortcomings, they include a not very attractive appearance and the lack of an attic space that could be used. Because of all this, shed roofs are most often used in the construction of sheds, warehouses, garages, temporary buildings and other outbuildings. At the present stage, such structures are used in the construction of small cottages.

1. Gable roof.

Roofs with two slopes are more in demand in construction due to the relatively light weight of the structure and quite spacious attic spaces. All this allows you to equip the attic under the roof. They have an attractive appearance and are in perfect harmony with any structures. It should be noted that this design allows you to evenly warm both slopes with sunlight.

The gable roof has no obvious flaws. Nevertheless, compared with single-slope models, it requires more building material and also has more weight. When building a gable roof, it is necessary to equip the ridge and gutters to drain rainwater.

1. Quadruple roof.

This is another option for building a roof with your own hands, but it is not very popular, because the design has a lot of complexities. For the construction of such a roof, special construction skills or the involvement of specialists will be required.

As for the advantages, it is a large attic space and a great aesthetic view. The attic is very warm, because all four slopes are evenly heated. In addition to the complexity of construction, the disadvantages include the large weight of the structure, which will increase the pressure on the load-bearing walls of the building.

1. Combined roof.

This is the most optimal solution for a building with different levels or structures with a special geometric shape. Such designs give originality and creativity to the whole structure. Correctly made calculations allow you to harmoniously fit the slopes into the overall look.

It should be noted that building a combined roof is quite simple, since it can be erected in separate sections or by floors.

Of course, in modern construction there are much more types of roofs, but these are the most optimal options for building with your own hands.

The main stages of building a roof with your own hands

Timber preparation

The construction of the roof of a house or other structure is carried out on the basis of a detailed project, in which it is necessary to indicate all the dimensions, length and cross section of structural elements. Methods and materials for attaching knots are also noted.

To protect the material from the processes of decay, fungi, insect mold and fire, they are treated with special fire and bioprotective agents before installation. The maximum effect can be achieved through a two-time treatment. Installation is possible only after the wood has completely dried.

Often, for maximum strength and strength of the truss system, metal elements are used, such as channels and corners. Nevertheless, with self-construction of the roof, this is little practiced, since the use of welding machine and additional equipment.

Features of the construction of pitched roofs with their own hands

Independent construction of a roof involves the implementation of simple projects with one or two slopes. If you possess enough knowledge and skills, more complex designs can be made. But at the same time, it is necessary to carry out complex mathematical calculations of dimensions and precise marking.

In addition, when creating complex multi-pitched structures, it is necessary to calculate the truss system up to a centimeter. Having made even a small mistake in the location of the diagonal rafters, the entire structure may not withstand the load during operation. Because of this, you should not resort to very complex architectural forms that require careful professional calculation.

To build a quality roof, you need to understand the main stages of the construction of the frame:

• construction and installation of Mauerlat;

• creation of a truss system;

• final installation of the roofing pie.

To do all these steps, you need 2-3 people who have the skills to use a construction tool.

Roof frame - Mauerlat

Before building a roof, it is necessary to carry out finishing work with the walls of the building. To begin with, they are brought to the required height. After that, a waterproofing layer of roofing material or roofing is laid on all horizontal surfaces of the bearing walls. In the case of the construction of single or gable walls, insulation is done only on the walls where the rafter legs of the structure will be located.

Mauerlat is wooden beam with a rectangular or square section, which forms the basis of the entire roof structure. With its help, uniform pressure is exerted on all walls and the foundation of the structure itself. In this case, the Mauerlat acts as a place for attaching the roof to the walls of the building.

Features of fastening the Mauerlat to the building

The entire load falls on this element of the roof structure, since the entire roof is built on its basis. In most cases, quality wooden beams with a section of 15x15 centimeters. With a large weight of the structure, it is worth using a beam with a large cross section. They must be installed parallel to the ridge of the future roof.

For the strength of the whole structure, it is worth thinking about mounting the Mauerlat even when building walls. To do this, a thick annealed wire is mounted in the masonry, which is placed 4 bricks below the Mauerlat installation. The ends of the wire should be long enough to wrap around the timber. They must be mounted around the entire perimeter of the roof at a distance of one meter. Bolted connections or nails can be used as additional fastening.

All this will help to avoid displacement of the roof even with strong wind loads.

truss system

The beginning of the assembly of the roof truss system is the installation of the structure on the gables. If there is a load-bearing wall or partition in the middle of the building, a beam and supports for the ridge run can be installed on it. Due to this, the upper part of the rafter leg is attached to the ridge run, and the lower part to the Mauerlat.

With a small width of the entire structure, A-shaped rafters are used without a ridge run. The maximum rigidity of the structure and the reduction of loads is carried out by installing struts. The fastening of the rafters is reinforced with metal or wooden plates. The lower part of the rafter leg should rest against the Mauerlat. If your project provides for a protrusion of rafters for an overhang, notches are made in the Mauerlat itself for fastening.

The roof project can be completed without laying the Mauerlat on the walls. Because of this, the beams are mounted across the walls, while their length must exceed the width of the building. The step of laying the beams must correspond to the step of the rafters. Structural strength is achieved through reliable fastening of the beams with reinforcement or pre-mounted wire.

For roof construction attic floor use layered rafters. They have additional support points with uprights and connecting runs. Struts for maximum structural rigidity will not be superfluous in such a design.

Do-it-yourself roof frame installation

The frame is one of the main components of the roof. It provides strength and durability to the entire structure. This system is a rafter attached to the Mauerlat.

Most the best option for beams is a section of 7x15 centimeters. The rafters are mounted in special cutouts and fixed with large nails. At the same time, it is worth observing the fastening technology: the first nail is hammered through all the rafters diagonally into the Mauerlat; the second is scored in the same way, but from the opposite side; the third is driven from above perpendicular to the structure.

Adhering to the technology, you can avoid shifting the rafters in the future. As for the upper part of the beams, they are pulled together so that one beam can overlap the end of the second. They are also fastened with nails or bolts.

At this stage of construction, the most optimal angle roof slope, which is compared with climatic conditions and maximum rainfall. IN middle lane Russia should tilt the slopes at an angle of 40-45 degrees, which will allow free convergence of snow and rainwater. Load indicators are also taken into account when installing rafters. To avoid sagging, it is worth installing rafters at a distance of 1 meter.

In hot and dry climates, the slope angle can be much lower, but not less than 3 degrees. For the accuracy of design and construction, a special tool is used - an ulonometer.

Arrangement of the crate

To cover the roof, a crate is made, it can be done different ways. When using tiles, a continuous crate of the structure is required.

As a material for the crate, solid wooden boards with a thickness of 25 millimeters are used. When selecting material, pay attention to the absence of chips, cracks and other damage. As for the length, it should be equal to the distance of two spans, as a rule, it is two meters. Their joints will be located on the supports themselves.

The crate cannot be continuous, depending on the finish. Boards are also used to form a ridge, while they are laid more tightly. The material of the crate is attached to the structure with nails.

Using slate or metal, you can save the board and create a sparse crate. In the case of the use of rolled soft materials, the crate is made continuous. If necessary, a double crate can be created. The first layer is laid parallel to the ridge, and the second is perpendicular to the slope.

Building a roofing pie with your own hands

The construction of the roofing pie is started immediately after the installation of the truss system. At the first stage, it is necessary to lay waterproofing systems for which roofing material or a special membrane is used. The protective material is attached to the rafters. Particular attention is paid to laying technology. It is worth noting that the overlap through the ridge will significantly impair the ventilation of the roof.

On top of the waterproofing materials, a counter-lattice is stuffed along the rafters. It is represented by bars with a cross section of 50 millimeters. Due to this, the necessary ventilation gap between the roofing and waterproofing will be created. The entire batten system is attached to the created counter batten. As mentioned earlier, the type of crate depends on the finishing material of the roof.

The next step is laying the roofing. During construction pitched systems It is customary to use the following materials:

• Sheet materials: metal tiles, corrugated board, steel, aluminum seam roofing. Wavy or flat slate is also used.

Do-it-yourself roof cornice filing

This procedure is carried out at the final stage of the construction of the roof. In this case, the walls must be insulated, since the box must fit closely to them. Otherwise, in the future, you will have to break the filing or leave this section of the wall not insulated. All lining is made of wood. In its design, it resembles a box. The filing is attached to the filly and the continuation of the rafters.

For manufacturing, you will need two boards, one from which goes towards the wall, and the second descends from the rafters. They are connected to each other at right angles using screws or self-tapping screws. When installing between the boards leave a small gap.

Roof insulation

This is one of the most important points when building a roof. There are two options for insulation: from the inside and from above the crate. Internal insulation is carried out in the case when the attic will be used for living. Thus, you can hide the free space between the rafters.

Initially, along the entire perimeter of the roof, a waterproofing film layer is laid on top of the crate. It is necessary to ensure that the film carefully covers all structural elements. Between the crate and the rafters, slats arrive on top of the film. After all this, mineral wool is nailed. Insulation plates are settled end-to-end one to one and fixed with construction tape. All this will make the attic room warmer for living.

Other materials can also be used as roof insulation, such as mats made from straw, algae or ecowool. The most optimal insulation for the roof today is mineral wool. It is an environmentally friendly and fire-resistant material. In addition, mineral wool has affordable price and does not require the use of special tools for installation.

In the proposed material, we build the roof of the house with our own hands, step by step. Consider the process in compliance with all technological operations. So, where to start this important business?

gable roof- a special design. To get the proper result, it is necessary to properly prepare the calculations, estimates, materials.

The gable roof truss system has a significant specific gravity. The accuracy of the installation of all components, working alone, is almost impossible to observe. In this case, you need an assistant.

Main preparatory stages- This:

• choosing the type of future roof of the house;
• technology definition;
• calculation of the angle of inclination;
• drawing up a plan and preliminary estimates;
• procurement of materials;
• selection of tools.

To make the design durable, you must:

• follow the instructions exactly;
• take into account the features of the main project of the house;
• determine how to use the attic space.

Under a gable roof, you can equip an attic, that is, a pantry for storing homemade blanks, inventory, and materials. Through a gable roof, you can get additional living space - an attic. It should be remembered that for the arrangement of a high roof you will need large quantity Supplies.

Determining the angle of inclination

With an increase in the angle of inclination, the height of the gable roof increases. This provides protection from atmospheric precipitation. Additionally, a correctly calculated angle of inclination reduces the level of load on the rafters from specific gravity roofing.

The angle of inclination must be chosen based on what material is supposed to be used for arranging the roof. On average, it is 20 ° for shingles, corrugated board and roll materials. For a roof made of asbestos-cement sheet (slate), ondulin or metal tiles, the angle of inclination must be increased to 25 °.

Be sure to take into account the planned height of the roof, the length of the rafter legs, etc. In the absence of experience in making calculations, it is better to use ready-made tables that can be asked from specialists.

The essence of a gable roof

The design of a gable roof is created from such basic elements as:

• base, reinforced horizontally;
• the rafters themselves (rafter legs);
• base (crate), on which the roofing is attached.

Additionally, for mounting the roof is used:

• roll waterproofing;
• elements for strengthening the structure - spacers, supports, rods, etc.;
• counter-lattice of beams, reinforced parallel to the rafters;
• baguettes wind and/or for adjoining;
• the skate itself and its individual components;
• systems for removing sedimentary moisture (drainage);
• overhangs and how to decorate them.

Of particular note are the rafters and rafter legs. This is a support for the roof, through which the system acquires strength, stability, reliability. To create a gable roof, rafters of a layered or hanging type are used. The basic design is slightly different.

In addition to rafters, gable roofs also differ in such structural elements as:

• methods of connecting individual elements;
• mounting options for components;
• type of consumable - timber or board;
• size (section) of parts;
• distance (step) between rafters and other elements.

Subject to proper observance of technology and the use of high-quality fasteners, and the main consumable material, the one-piece structure will remain in working condition for a long time.

Overhead rafters.

The sloping installation of gable roof rafters is done if there is bearing wall or, for example, columns. They are used as a support shelf on which the skate run will be held, passing horizontally.

This design is mounted much easier than option 2. IN free space under the roof - attic or attic - you get 2 rooms. They will be separated by support bars and / or a wall (partition).

The question of how to make a gable roof with hanging rafters is a little more difficult to solve. Such a design requires preparatory work and installation, observe the following rules:

• study theoretical issues;
• make the necessary calculations or use ready-made options;
• pre-make the necessary nodes, according to the instructions;
• select and mount the appropriate fasteners.

Installation of a gable roof truss system with hanging elements is best done for a small house. A supporting wall is not required in this option. You can increase the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe internal space of the house with the help of an attic.

Preparation of tools and materials

To make an independent installation of a gable roof, you need to prepare tools such as:

• hammer;
• construction roulette;
• square;
• nail puller;
• axe;
• saw and hacksaw for wood;
• metal ruler;
• plumb and level;
• electric drill;
• plane;
• jigsaw.

Basic consumable when building a roof, it is a beam or a board. The main structural elements are:

• rafters or rafter legs;
• Mauerlat;
• runs;
• racks;
• box for eaves;
• filly and braces (braces).

For fastening parts are used:

• nails;
• anchor;
• staples;
• self-tapping screws;
• metal corner;
• stainless steel plates.

The order of work is determined by the dimensions of the roof and the type of rafters chosen.

Double pitched roof with rafters

Load-bearing parts (upper) in this option rest on a horizontal ridge beam. It will be strengthened on special wooden racks, a stone or brick supporting wall or the edge of a pre-built francon.

First, we install an impromptu bench in the middle. Its main elements are racks (vertical), braces and span of the ridge (horizontal). The support for the racks can be the bottom run, specially placed in the horizontal direction.

You can install racks on top of the beams that make up the floor. In this case, the distance between the uprights is selected in accordance with the spacing of the beams.

During the construction of a small country house, garage or other outbuildings, you can do without intermediate supports for the ridge. They will be successfully replaced by pre-built gables.

Particular attention should be paid to the careful connection of all elements. The main ways of tying rafters to the central beam:

• overlap;
• butt;
• half a tree.

The floor beams or Mauerlat become the lower support for the rafter legs.

Floor beams - support for rafters

Previously, the beams must be brought out of the extreme line of the wall. This will form an overhang. The run (step) between the rafters will be identical to the step used when laying the beams. To make the structure stronger, the beams must be laid along not only the side, but also the end (front) walls of the building. The described method allows you to increase the interior space of the attic without any problems or equip a small attic for relaxation under the roof.

When are the rafters attached to the Mauerlat?

Mauerlat are bars installed along the upper perimeter of the house after the walls have been erected. These elements must be installed strictly horizontally and at the same height. First, a layer of waterproofing material must be laid along the top line of the walls.

Studs are installed along the central axis of the laying. With their help, the Mauerlat is attached to the base. Anchors can also be used for this. You will need to drill holes first. Nails are used to install the Mauerlat on the floor beams.

If build wooden house a small area of ​​\u200b\u200blogs (log house) or beams, you can do without a Mauerlat. It will be replaced by the last crown of logs or timber. For frame house the upper row of bars becomes the Mauerlat.

Having finished laying the Mauerlat or its replacement elements, it is necessary to build a bench. The parallelism and horizontality of the installation must be carefully checked.

The middle axis of the bench or support elements for floor beams determines the location of the purlin. After installation, the accuracy of the location of the elements is checked and the necessary adjustments are made. Conditional lines connecting the edges of all Mauerlats and the ridge must be identical in length and angle.

rafter legs

Self-manufacturing rafter legs are best done using a template from the board (25-30 mm). First you need to try on the prepared sample and correct the detected inaccuracies.

Rafters, made according to the template, begin to mount from the extreme elements of the building. All components must be placed in a single plane of the slope of the future roof. This is done with a cord stretched between the extreme rafters.

The installation step of the rafters is determined by the size (section) of the material used. After installation and adjustment, all elements must be attached to the ridge run and the Mauerlat. To do this, you can use nails, metal corners and staples.

To form overhangs by releasing the lower ends of the rafter legs, it is necessary to make an appropriate length margin. Another option for forming overhangs is to nail boards of the required length to the rafters, the so-called fillies.

The overhang can be equipped with the help of floor beams, releasing their ends outward. Rafters are attached to the beams, the running step is determined by the laying of the beams. Additional beams are placed along the end walls, i.e., the gable.

How to make a crate? To equip the crate, you will need a board (thickness from 30 to 40 mm) or timber (section 40x50 or 50x60 mm). Separate elements are prepared in such a way as to form side overhangs. Their size is at least 20 cm.

The crate is attached in the direction from the bottom up. The step is determined by the finish coat. For roofs made of rolled material or bituminous tiles, a crate is required, designed with a continuous roll.

The waterproofer is laid on the rafters with an overlap and with minimal sagging. Laying line - across the slope. For fastening, a counter-lattice of bars nailed to the rafters is used.

The side overhang must be perfectly flat. To check this, a cord must be pulled along the slopes of the roof. All errors are corrected immediately.

Roof with hanging rafters

The rafters of both slopes in this case rely on each other. To strengthen the system, special puffs are used that form truss trusses. They are made according to a template from a board of sizes 40-50 by 200-250 mm. Tightening reduces the spacer load on the walls, especially if the Mauerlat serves as the base. Inter-rafter connection is done in the usual way.